CHAPTER 8:
ACCESSING
ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION- DATA WAREHOUSE
8.1) Accessing Organizational Information…
Ø This is to perform the following:
o Base labor budgets on actual number
of guests served per hour…
o Develop professional sale item
analysis to help avoid losses from overstocking understocking inventory…
o
Determine
theoretical and actual costs of food and the use of ingredients…
8.2) History of data warehousing…
Ø In the 1990s as organizations began
to need more timely information about their business, they found that
traditional information systems were too cumbersome to provide relevant data
efficiently and quickly…
Ø A key idea within data warehousing
is to take data from multiple platforms/ technologies (as varied as
spreadsheets, databases and word files) and place them in a common location
that uses a common querying tool…
Ø Data warehousing is about extending
the transformation of data into information…
Ø It offers strategic level, external,
integrated and historical information so business can make projections,
identify trends and decide key business issues…
Ø It also collects and stores
integrated sets of historical information from multiple operational systems and
feeds them to one or more data marts…
Ø It may also provide end-user access
to support enterprisewide views of information…
8.3) Data Warehouse Fundamentals…
Ø A data warehouse is a logical
collection of information- gathered from many different operational databases-
that support business analysis activities and decision-making tasks…
Ø The data warehouse modeled in
figured 8.1 compiles information from internal databases or transactional/
operational databases and external databases through extraction, transformation
and loading (ETL), which is a process that extracts information from internal
and external databases, transforms the information using a common set of
enterprise definitions, and loads the information into a data warehouse…
Ø A data mart contains a subset of
data warehouse information...
figure 8.1: model of a typical data
8.4) MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND
DATA MINING…
Ø A relational database contains
information in a series of two dimensional tables…
Ø In a data warehouse and data mart,
information is multidimensional, meaning it contains layers of columns and
rows…
Ø A dimension is a particular
attribute of information. Each layer in data warehouse or data mart represents
information according to an additional dimension…
Ø A cube is the common term for the
representation of multidimensional information…
Ø Data mining is the process of
analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone…
Ø Data mining tools use a variety of
techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information
and infer rules from them that predict future behavior and guide decision
making…
8.5) Business Intelligence…
Ø Refers to applications and
technologies that are used to gather, provide access to, and analyze data and
information to support decision-making efforts…
Ø It is also to:
·
Collecting information…
·
Discerning patterns
and meaning in the information…
·
Responding to
the resultant information…
Ø Enable business intelligence:
·
Technology:
even the smallest company with BI software can do sophisticated analyses today that
were unavailable to the largest organizations a generation ago. The largest
company today can create enterprisewide BI systems that compute and monitor
metrics on virtually every variable important for managing the company…
·
People:
understanding the role of people in BI allows organizations to systematically
create insight and turn these insights into actions…
·
Culture: a
key responsibility of executives is to shape and manage corporate culture. The extent
to which the BI attitude flourishes in an organization depends in large part on
the organization’s culture…
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